Unit 5
Předpřítomný čas (Present Perfect)
Oznam.kladná věta: S + tvar slovesa HAVE + V 3.tvar (3.tvar slovesa)
Otázka: tvar slovesa HAVE + S + V 3.tvar ….. ?
Zápor: S + tvar slovesa HAVE + NOT + V 3.tvar
I have washed the car. (à now it is clean )
Have you read today’s newspaper? (I’d like to discuss it with you)
We haven’t been to Paris yet. (I don’t know its sights or its atmosphere)
UŽITÍ
- NENÍ specifikováno, KDY se to stalo, ale důležité je, že se to vůbec stalo, je to často důvodem současného stavu nebo jsou nějaké následky
I have decorated the bathroom. (à it is clean)
Have you repaired the bike? (à is it repaired?)
I have seen him recently.
We have washed the dishes – you can sit down and relax, mum. - nebo PRÁVĚ se to stalo
I have just read it in the newspapers.
SIGNÁLY:
- EVER (jen v otázce) / NEVER (Have you ever ridden a camel? I have never been to Africa.)
- ALWAYS (I have always wanted to buy it.)
- ALREADY / YET (yet není v oznamovací kladné větě, otázce znamená už)(They have (already) eaten it. Have you translated the sentence?)
- YET (v záporné větě znamená ještě ne) (I haven’t seen the film yet.)
- RECENTLY, LATELY (I haven´t seen him recently/ lately.)
- SO FAR ( I haven’t been to the USA so far.)
- THIS MORNING / AFTERNOON (je-li stále ještě dopoledne/odpoledne) (I have bought a newspaper this morning and ..)
- THIS WEEK, MONTH, YEAR (I haven’t visited my granny in the hospital this week.)
- JUST, JUST NOW (I have just heard the bad news on the radio.)
- ONCE, TWICE, … MANY TIMES, SEVERAL TIMES (I have read the book many times.)
- „HOW MANY TIMES…? “ (How many times have you been to England?)
ANTI-SIGNÁLY:
jakékoli příslovečné určení situující děj / událost do konkrétní doby v minulosti à
- yesterday
- last Monday, last week, last summer, last Xmas,…
- in 2006, on Monday, …
- a week ago, an hour ago
- before Christmas, before I was born
- otázky s WHEN a WHERE
